VibeCheck
https://duolingo.com

页面构成与技术指标

正文

578

操作候选

5

图片

21

HTML

11 KB

文案

标题字数
15
摘要字数
65
H1
3
H2
5

动作

主要入口

开始

表单
0/ 1 输入
站内链接
27
站外链接
55

安全与页面元信息

HTTPS
有
HSTS
无
CSP
无
nosniff
无
viewport
有
图标
有
JSON-LD
有
统计
GA4

构成

React / Tailwind

脚本
16 ext / 6 inline
Alt
19 missing
第三方域
6

Lighthouse

移动端模拟 · 性能评分

40 / 100

2026-09-05 · 本次测试有警告，结果可能不完整。

查看详情

移动端模拟 · 实验室数据，非真实用户体验数据
2026-09-05T04:03:26.635Z · Lighthouse 13.4.1

本次测试有警告，结果可能不完整： The page loaded too slowly to finish within the time limit. Results may be incomplete. · The page may not be loading as expected because your test URL (https://duolingo.com/) was redirected to https://www.duolingo.com/. Try testing the second URL directly.

性能40/ 100
可访问性82/ 100
最佳实践54/ 100
SEO100/ 100
LCP · 主要内容出现16,372 ms
CLS · 布局偏移0.000
TBT · 主线程阻塞683 ms
FCP · 首次内容绘制6,888 ms
SI · 视觉加载速度8,980 ms

分数会受服务器、网络和测试环境影响，独立于品味／转化评分。诊断保留 Lighthouse 原文。

Browser errors were logged to the console

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

对应元素与资源
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "source": "network",
      "description": "Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()",
      "sourceLocation": {
        "url": "https://www.duolingo.com/users/undefined/streak-goal-current?_=1788581009428",
        "line": 0,
        "type": "source-location",
        "column": 0,
        "urlProvider": "network"
      }
    },
    {
      "source": "network",
      "description": "Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()",
      "sourceLocation": {
        "url": "https://www.duolingo.com/users/undefined/streak-goal-next-options?_=1788581009428",
        "line": 0,
        "type": "source-location",
        "column": 0,
        "urlProvider": "network"
      }
    },
    {
      "source": "network",
      "description": "Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()",
      "sourceLocation": {
        "url": "https://zombie.duolingo.com/0/web.json?user=0&ts=1788581009&tzoffset=8",
        "line": 0,
        "type": "source-location",
        "column": 0,
        "urlProvider": "network"
      }
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "sourceLocation",
      "label": "Source",
      "valueType": "source-location"
    },
    {
      "key": "description",
      "label": "Description",
      "valueType": "code"
    }
  ]
}

Avoid multiple page redirects

Est savings of 4,070 ms

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

对应元素与资源
{
  "type": "opportunity",
  "items": [
    {
      "url": "https://duolingo.com/",
      "wastedMs": 4072.6979999999994
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.duolingo.com/",
      "wastedMs": 0
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "url",
      "label": "URL",
      "valueType": "url"
    },
    {
      "key": "wastedMs",
      "label": "Time Spent",
      "valueType": "timespanMs"
    }
  ],
  "overallSavingsMs": 4072.6979999999994
}

Uses deprecated APIs

2 warnings found

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

对应元素与资源
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "value": "Unload event listeners are deprecated and will be removed.",
      "source": {
        "url": "https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-2a93b987.js",
        "line": 1,
        "type": "source-location",
        "column": 351135,
        "urlProvider": "network"
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "url": "https://chromestatus.com/feature/5579556305502208",
            "text": "Check the feature status page for more details.",
            "type": "link"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "Attribution Reporting is deprecated and will be removed. See https://goo.gle/ps-status for details.",
      "source": {
        "url": "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/destination?id=AW-397119219&cx=c&gtm=4e6930h2",
        "line": 559,
        "type": "source-location",
        "column": 191,
        "urlProvider": "network"
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "url": "https://chromestatus.com/feature/6320639375966208",
            "text": "Check the feature status page for more details.",
            "type": "link"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "value",
      "label": "Deprecation / Warning",
      "valueType": "text"
    },
    {
      "key": "source",
      "label": "Source",
      "valueType": "source-location"
    }
  ]
}

Uses third-party cookies

6 cookies found

Third-party cookies may be blocked in some contexts. Learn more about preparing for third-party cookie restrictions.

对应元素与资源
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "url": "https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/viewthroughconversion/728842606/?random=1788581010268&cv=11&fst=1788581010268&bg=ffffff&guid=ON&async=1&en=gtag.config&gtm=45be6930h2v9103119162z8811879556za20gzb811879556zd811879556xec&gcd=13l3l3l3l1l1&dma=0&tag_exp=115616985~115938466~115938468~118897920~118897930~120213116~120385423~120469145~120469153&u_w=412&u_h=823&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duolingo.com%2F&rcb=6&frm=0&tiba=%E5%A4%9A%E9%82%BB%E5%9B%BD%20-%20%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%81%AB%E7%88%86%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0&hn=www.googleadservices.com&npa=0&pscdl=noapi&auid=288829452.1788581010&uaa=&uab=64&uafvl=Chromium%3B151.0.7922.34%7CNot%253DA%253FBrand%3B99.0.0.0&uamb=1&uam=moto%20g%20power%20(2022)&uap=Android&uapv=11.0&uaw=0&data=event%3Dgtag.config&ept=9&rfmt=3&fmt=4",
      "name": "test_cookie"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.facebook.com/tr/?id=1735692093320310&ev=PageView&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duolingo.com%2F&rl=&if=false&ts=1788581010678&iw=false&sw=412&sh=823&v=2.9.393&r=c2&ec=0&o=20509&aems=0%3B0&fbp=fb.1.1788581010677.464693092570330843&ler=empty&cdl=API_unavailable&plt=2710.5&tz=480&it=1788581010370&coo=false&chmd=moto%20g%20power%20(2022)&chpv=11.0&chfv=undefined&exp=m0&expv2[0]=pl0&expv2[1]=el3&expv2[2]=bc1&expv2[3]=ra0&expv2[4]=rp0&expv2[5]=im1&expv2[6]=hf1&expv2[7]=sd1&expv2[8]=sp1&expv2[9]=ek1&expv2[10]=pc1&expv2[11]=gs1&expv2[12]=zs1&expv2[13]=cp1&expv2[14]=es1&expv2[15]=ac1&expv2[16]=so1&expv2[17]=wc3&expv2[18]=la1&expv2[19]=sf1&expv2[20]=da1&expv2[21]=io1&expv2[22]=ae1&expv2[23]=sx1&expv2[24]=if1&expv2[25]=fd1&expv2[26]=bg3&expv2[27]=mg3&expv2[28]=kl3&expv2[29]=sg3&expv2[30]=mk3&expv2[31]=sn3&expv2[32]=ec3&expv2[33]=mp3&expv2[34]=ps3&expv2[35]=fx3&expv2[36]=vt3&expv2[37]=cn1&expv2[38]=pe0&rqm=GET",
      "name": "fr"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cs.media.net/cksync?cs=1&type=max&ovsid=setstatuscode&gdpr=&gdpr_consent=&gpp_sid=&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fc.tupsrv.com%2Fv2%2Fcsync%3FMNETID%3D%3Cvsid%3E%26MAXID%3D00001090-0000-1456-805b-3e32e9fc%26o_url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fc.tupsrv.com%252Fv2%252Facvr3%253Fa%253D11b419e9-d759-4e4f-905d-a924afd0fc2e%2526event%253Dpage-land%2526_ible%253D1%2526weight%253D0%2526_ii%253D0",
      "name": "visitor-id"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cs.media.net/cksync?cs=1&type=max&ovsid=setstatuscode&gdpr=&gdpr_consent=&gpp_sid=&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fc.tupsrv.com%2Fv2%2Fcsync%3FMNETID%3D%3Cvsid%3E%26MAXID%3D00001090-0000-1456-805b-3e32e9fc%26o_url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fc.tupsrv.com%252Fv2%252Facvr3%253Fa%253D11b419e9-d759-4e4f-905d-a924afd0fc2e%2526event%253Dpage-land%2526_ible%253D1%2526weight%253D0%2526_ii%253D0",
      "name": "data-max"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cs.media.net/cksync?cs=1&type=max&ovsid=setstatuscode&gdpr=&gdpr_consent=&gpp_sid=&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fc.tupsrv.com%2Fv2%2Fcsync%3FMNETID%3D%3Cvsid%3E%26MAXID%3D00001090-0000-1456-805b-3e32e9fc%26o_url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fc.tupsrv.com%252Fv2%252Facvr3%253Fa%253D11b419e9-d759-4e4f-905d-a924afd0fc2e%2526event%253Dpage-land%2526_ible%253D1%2526weight%253D0%2526_ii%253D0",
      "name": "data-max-r"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://c.tupsrv.com/v2/csync?MNETID=4315826114109008000V10&MAXID=00001090-0000-1456-805b-3e32e9fc&o_url=https%3A%2F%2Fc.tupsrv.com%2Fv2%2Facvr3%3Fa%3D11b419e9-d759-4e4f-905d-a924afd0fc2e%26event%3Dpage-land%26_ible%3D1%26weight%3D0%26_ii%3D0",
      "name": "vvv"
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "name",
      "label": "Name",
      "valueType": "text"
    },
    {
      "key": "url",
      "label": "URL",
      "valueType": "url"
    }
  ]
}

Minimize main-thread work

4.1 s

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to minimize main-thread work

对应元素与资源
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "group": "scriptEvaluation",
      "duration": 2446.5879999998733,
      "groupLabel": "Script Evaluation"
    },
    {
      "group": "other",
      "duration": 642.3280000000613,
      "groupLabel": "Other"
    },
    {
      "group": "scriptParseCompile",
      "duration": 423.5440000000001,
      "groupLabel": "Script Parsing & Compilation"
    },
    {
      "group": "styleLayout",
      "duration": 392.64,
      "groupLabel": "Style & Layout"
    },
    {
      "group": "garbageCollection",
      "duration": 117.39599999999997,
      "groupLabel": "Garbage Collection"
    },
    {
      "group": "paintCompositeRender",
      "duration": 53.46399999999991,
      "groupLabel": "Rendering"
    },
    {
      "group": "parseHTML",
      "duration": 12.407999999999996,
      "groupLabel": "Parse HTML & CSS"
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "groupLabel",
      "label": "Category",
      "valueType": "text"
    },
    {
      "key": "duration",
      "label": "Time Spent",
      "valueType": "ms",
      "granularity": 1
    }
  ],
  "sortedBy": [
    "duration"
  ]
}

Reduce JavaScript execution time

2.5 s

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to reduce Javascript execution time.

对应元素与资源
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "url": "https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/8x-4t2pegToiW8KmThtO4AQt/recaptcha__zh_cn.js",
      "total": 841.3839999999964,
      "scripting": 683.3359999999965,
      "scriptParseCompile": 51.26
    },
    {
      "url": "https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-2a93b987.js",
      "total": 807.5040000000074,
      "scripting": 507.8240000000074,
      "scriptParseCompile": 66.092
    },
    {
      "url": "Unattributable",
      "total": 693.0800000000453,
      "scripting": 57.439999999999884,
      "scriptParseCompile": 0
    },
    {
      "url": "https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/4779-84075585.js",
      "total": 429.2400000000015,
      "scripting": 317.5080000000015,
      "scriptParseCompile": 45.967999999999996
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-CSFDVCPQ4F&cx=c&gtm=4e6930h2",
      "total": 148.54800000000117,
      "scripting": 112.98800000000115,
      "scriptParseCompile": 33.52
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-TX6Z97C",
      "total": 138.88800000000052,
      "scripting": 102.2840000000005,
      "scriptParseCompile": 32.284
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-728842606&cx=c&gtm=4e6930h2",
      "total": 137.13200000000126,
      "scripting": 107.61600000000125,
      "scriptParseCompile": 27.12
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.duolingo.com/",
      "total": 131.56,
      "scripting": 5.619999999999997,
      "scriptParseCompile": 1.956
    },
    {
      "url": "https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js",
      "total": 113.67600000000033,
      "scripting": 89.11600000000033,
      "scriptParseCompile": 23.596
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/destination?id=AW-397119219&cx=c&gtm=4e6930h2",
      "total": 100.99600000000096,
      "scripting": 75.29600000000096,
      "scriptParseCompile": 24.664
    },
    {
      "url": "https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/1735692093320310?v=2.9.393&r=c2&domain=www.duolingo.com&im=1&hme=118644ce20ff837cfc6c6ee441987e9e11b8b9fb8ec6bc04b15a3c516441ba07&ex_m=115%2C226%2C166%2C26%2C80%2C81%2C158%2C76%2C75%2C11%2C176%2C100%2C20%2C150%2C138%2C45%2C83%2C88%2C146%2C171%2C178%2C31%2C17%2C30%2C18%2C32%2C33%2C34%2C36%2C54%2C159%2C85%2C123%2C22%2C24%2C50%2C46%2C48%2C47%2C93%2C102%2C106%2C121%2C157%2C160%2C52%2C122%2C28%2C25%2C130%2C77%2C42%2C162%2C161%2C163%2C154%2C152%2C29%2C41%2C65%2C120%2C173%2C78%2C21%2C125%2C91%2C74%2C23%2C95%2C96%2C127%2C94%2C148%2C147%2C151%2C107%2C172%2C175%2C40%2C55%2C124%2C53%2C8%2C4%2C5%2C7%2C6%2C3%2C101%2C112%2C179%2C193%2C240%2C82%2C254%2C253%2C252%2C14%2C27%2C39%2C61%2C114%2C67%2C10%2C71%2C108%2C109%2C110%2C116%2C141%2C37%2C35%2C143%2C144%2C145%2C140%2C139%2C167%2C84%2C170%2C168%2C169%2C56%2C66%2C134%2C19%2C174%2C51%2C303%2C304%2C305%2C302%2C318%2C340%2C233%2C222%2C68%2C223%2C221%2C343%2C334%2C58%2C234%2C118%2C142%2C90%2C132%2C60%2C131%2C137%2C136%2C64%2C72%2C70%2C164%2C86%2C87%2C126%2C43%2C38%2C59%2C62%2C111%2C177%2C1%2C135%2C16%2C133%2C12%2C2%2C63%2C103%2C15%2C73%2C69%2C129%2C99%2C98%2C181%2C182%2C104%2C105%2C9%2C113%2C180%2C57%2C155%2C97%2C89%2C79%2C128%2C117%2C49%2C156%2C0%2C92%2C149%2C153%2C165%2C44%2C119%2C13%2C183",
      "total": 60.33999999999986,
      "scripting": 44.35599999999987,
      "scriptParseCompile": 15.775999999999998
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/202404.1.0/otBannerSdk.js",
      "total": 52.74399999999999,
      "scripting": 23.847999999999992,
      "scriptParseCompile": 27.52
    }
  ],
  "summary": {
    "wastedMs": 2476.98800000001
  },
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "url",
      "label": "URL",
      "valueType": "url"
    },
    {
      "key": "total",
      "label": "Total CPU Time",
      "valueType": "ms",
      "granularity": 1
    },
    {
      "key": "scripting",
      "label": "Script Evaluation",
      "valueType": "ms",
      "granularity": 1
    },
    {
      "key": "scriptParseCompile",
      "label": "Script Parse",
      "valueType": "ms",
      "granularity": 1
    }
  ],
  "sortedBy": [
    "total"
  ]
}

Image elements do not have explicit `width` and `height`

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

对应元素与资源
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "url": "https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/images/splash/lottie/ded26f174e26ad19d0a35cad7747c28c.png",
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-111-IMG",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,HEADER,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,PICTURE,2,IMG",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/images/splash/lottie/ded26f174e26ad1…\">",
        "selector": "div._15kfC > div._1ybpv > picture._1Bvko > img",
        "nodeLabel": "div._15kfC > div._1ybpv > picture._1Bvko > img",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 114,
          "left": 70,
          "right": 343,
          "width": 273,
          "bottom": 387,
          "height": 273
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "node",
      "label": "",
      "valueType": "node"
    },
    {
      "key": "url",
      "label": "URL",
      "valueType": "url"
    }
  ]
}

Buttons do not have an accessible name

When a button doesn't have an accessible name, screen readers announce it as "button", making it unusable for users who rely on screen readers. Learn how to make buttons more accessible.

对应元素与资源
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-0-BUTTON",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,4,DIV,1,DIV,2,BUTTON",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<button class=\"_38iBE bafGS _2LoNU VzbUl _1saKQ _1AgKJ _39lPs\">",
        "selector": "div.qO_UG > div._3CwWq > div.zKVv4 > button._38iBE",
        "nodeLabel": "div.qO_UG > div._3CwWq > div.zKVv4 > button._38iBE",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element does not have inner text that is visible to screen readers\n  aria-label attribute does not exist or is empty\n  aria-labelledby attribute does not exist, references elements that do not exist or references elements that are empty\n  Element has no title attribute\n  Element does not have an implicit (wrapped) <label>\n  Element does not have an explicit <label>\n  Element's default semantics were not overridden with role=\"none\" or role=\"presentation\"",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 735,
          "left": 384,
          "right": 396,
          "width": 12,
          "bottom": 747,
          "height": 12
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "node",
      "label": "Failing Elements",
      "valueType": "node",
      "subItemsHeading": {
        "key": "relatedNode",
        "valueType": "node"
      }
    }
  ],
  "debugData": {
    "tags": [
      "cat.name-role-value",
      "wcag2a",
      "wcag412",
      "section508",
      "section508.22.a",
      "TTv5",
      "TT6.a",
      "EN-301-549",
      "EN-9.4.1.2",
      "ACT",
      "RGAAv4",
      "RGAA-11.9.1"
    ],
    "type": "debugdata",
    "impact": "critical"
  }
}

Background and foreground colors do not have a sufficient contrast ratio.

Low-contrast text is difficult or impossible for many users to read. Learn how to provide sufficient color contrast.

对应元素与资源
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-1-H2",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,2,MAIN,0,DIV,1,SECTION,0,SECTION,0,DIV,0,H2",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<h2 class=\"_3X-2C\">",
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        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<a aria-current=\"page\" class=\"FXHbm\" href=\"//tr.duolingo.com\">",
        "selector": "div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm",
        "nodeLabel": "Türkçe",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 1.48 (foreground color: #a5ed6e, background color: #58cc02, font size: 9.8pt (13px), font weight: bold). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 8421,
          "left": 195,
          "right": 233,
          "width": 37,
          "bottom": 8436,
          "height": 15
        }
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "relatedNode": {
              "lhId": "1-15-FOOTER",
              "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER",
              "type": "node",
              "snippet": "<footer class=\"_1nNuk\">",
              "selector": "body._2j8ko > div#root > div.qO_UG > footer._1nNuk",
              "nodeLabel": "关于我们\n课程\n我们的使命\n教学方法\n有效性\n多邻国文化手册\n研究\n招聘贤才\n商标与设计\n宝石小店\n新闻\n投资者\n联系我们\n产品\n多邻国\nDuolingo f…",
              "boundingRect": {
                "top": 6545,
                "left": 0,
                "right": 412,
                "width": 412,
                "bottom": 8537,
                "height": 1992
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-83-A",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER,2,DIV,1,UL,26,LI,0,A",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<a aria-current=\"page\" class=\"FXHbm\" href=\"//uk.duolingo.com\">",
        "selector": "div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm",
        "nodeLabel": "Українською",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 1.48 (foreground color: #a5ed6e, background color: #58cc02, font size: 9.8pt (13px), font weight: bold). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 8421,
          "left": 257,
          "right": 329,
          "width": 73,
          "bottom": 8436,
          "height": 15
        }
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "relatedNode": {
              "lhId": "1-15-FOOTER",
              "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER",
              "type": "node",
              "snippet": "<footer class=\"_1nNuk\">",
              "selector": "body._2j8ko > div#root > div.qO_UG > footer._1nNuk",
              "nodeLabel": "关于我们\n课程\n我们的使命\n教学方法\n有效性\n多邻国文化手册\n研究\n招聘贤才\n商标与设计\n宝石小店\n新闻\n投资者\n联系我们\n产品\n多邻国\nDuolingo f…",
              "boundingRect": {
                "top": 6545,
                "left": 0,
                "right": 412,
                "width": 412,
                "bottom": 8537,
                "height": 1992
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-84-A",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER,2,DIV,1,UL,27,LI,0,A",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<a aria-current=\"page\" class=\"FXHbm\" href=\"//ur.duolingo.com\">",
        "selector": "div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm",
        "nodeLabel": "اُردُو",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 1.48 (foreground color: #a5ed6e, background color: #58cc02, font size: 9.8pt (13px), font weight: bold). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 8457,
          "left": 51,
          "right": 72,
          "width": 21,
          "bottom": 8472,
          "height": 15
        }
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "relatedNode": {
              "lhId": "1-15-FOOTER",
              "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER",
              "type": "node",
              "snippet": "<footer class=\"_1nNuk\">",
              "selector": "body._2j8ko > div#root > div.qO_UG > footer._1nNuk",
              "nodeLabel": "关于我们\n课程\n我们的使命\n教学方法\n有效性\n多邻国文化手册\n研究\n招聘贤才\n商标与设计\n宝石小店\n新闻\n投资者\n联系我们\n产品\n多邻国\nDuolingo f…",
              "boundingRect": {
                "top": 6545,
                "left": 0,
                "right": 412,
                "width": 412,
                "bottom": 8537,
                "height": 1992
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-85-A",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER,2,DIV,1,UL,28,LI,0,A",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<a aria-current=\"page\" class=\"FXHbm\" href=\"//vi.duolingo.com\">",
        "selector": "div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm",
        "nodeLabel": "Tiếng Việt",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 1.48 (foreground color: #a5ed6e, background color: #58cc02, font size: 9.8pt (13px), font weight: bold). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 8457,
          "left": 96,
          "right": 150,
          "width": 55,
          "bottom": 8472,
          "height": 15
        }
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "relatedNode": {
              "lhId": "1-15-FOOTER",
              "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER",
              "type": "node",
              "snippet": "<footer class=\"_1nNuk\">",
              "selector": "body._2j8ko > div#root > div.qO_UG > footer._1nNuk",
              "nodeLabel": "关于我们\n课程\n我们的使命\n教学方法\n有效性\n多邻国文化手册\n研究\n招聘贤才\n商标与设计\n宝石小店\n新闻\n投资者\n联系我们\n产品\n多邻国\nDuolingo f…",
              "boundingRect": {
                "top": 6545,
                "left": 0,
                "right": 412,
                "width": 412,
                "bottom": 8537,
                "height": 1992
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-86-A",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER,2,DIV,1,UL,29,LI,0,A",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<a aria-current=\"page\" class=\"FXHbm\" href=\"//zs.duolingo.com\">",
        "selector": "div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm",
        "nodeLabel": "中文",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 1.48 (foreground color: #a5ed6e, background color: #58cc02, font size: 9.8pt (13px), font weight: bold). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 8457,
          "left": 174,
          "right": 200,
          "width": 26,
          "bottom": 8472,
          "height": 15
        }
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "relatedNode": {
              "lhId": "1-15-FOOTER",
              "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER",
              "type": "node",
              "snippet": "<footer class=\"_1nNuk\">",
              "selector": "body._2j8ko > div#root > div.qO_UG > footer._1nNuk",
              "nodeLabel": "关于我们\n课程\n我们的使命\n教学方法\n有效性\n多邻国文化手册\n研究\n招聘贤才\n商标与设计\n宝石小店\n新闻\n投资者\n联系我们\n产品\n多邻国\nDuolingo f…",
              "boundingRect": {
                "top": 6545,
                "left": 0,
                "right": 412,
                "width": 412,
                "bottom": 8537,
                "height": 1992
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-87-SPAN",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,4,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,SPAN",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<span class=\"_2PsOB\">",
        "selector": "div._3CwWq > div.zKVv4 > div > span._2PsOB",
        "nodeLabel": "4.5",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 1.82 (foreground color: #ffb020, background color: #ffffff, font size: 9.8pt (13px), font weight: normal). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 759,
          "left": 72,
          "right": 89,
          "width": 17,
          "bottom": 774,
          "height": 15
        }
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "relatedNode": {
              "lhId": "1-88-DIV",
              "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,4,DIV",
              "type": "node",
              "snippet": "<div class=\"_3CwWq\">",
              "selector": "body._2j8ko > div#root > div.qO_UG > div._3CwWq",
              "nodeLabel": "安装多邻国应用\n4.515,300,000+\n安装",
              "boundingRect": {
                "top": 717,
                "left": 0,
                "right": 412,
                "width": 412,
                "bottom": 823,
                "height": 106
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-89-A",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,4,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,1,A",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<a rel=\"noopener\" class=\"_4FsVb\" href=\"https://af4a.adj.st/?adjust_t=mfg8p8a&amp;adjust_label=android_banner\" target=\"_blank\">",
        "selector": "div._3CwWq > div.zKVv4 > div._3mp0T > a._4FsVb",
        "nodeLabel": "安装",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 2.09 (foreground color: #ffffff, background color: #7ac70c, font size: 9.0pt (12px), font weight: normal). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 777,
          "left": 306,
          "right": 396,
          "width": 90,
          "bottom": 807,
          "height": 30
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "node",
      "label": "Failing Elements",
      "valueType": "node",
      "subItemsHeading": {
        "key": "relatedNode",
        "valueType": "node"
      }
    }
  ],
  "debugData": {
    "tags": [
      "cat.color",
      "wcag2aa",
      "wcag143",
      "TTv5",
      "TT13.c",
      "EN-301-549",
      "EN-9.1.4.3",
      "ACT",
      "RGAAv4",
      "RGAA-3.2.1"
    ],
    "type": "debugdata",
    "impact": "serious"
  }
}

`[user-scalable="no"]` is used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element or the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is less than 5.

Disabling zooming is problematic for users with low vision who rely on screen magnification to properly see the contents of a web page. Learn more about the viewport meta tag.

对应元素与资源
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-90-META",
        "path": "1,HTML,0,HEAD,3,META",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1,user-scalable=no\">",
        "selector": "head > meta",
        "nodeLabel": "head > meta",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  user-scalable=no on <meta> tag disables zooming on mobile devices",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 0,
          "left": 0,
          "right": 0,
          "width": 0,
          "bottom": 0,
          "height": 0
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "node",
      "label": "Failing Elements",
      "valueType": "node",
      "subItemsHeading": {
        "key": "relatedNode",
        "valueType": "node"
      }
    }
  ],
  "debugData": {
    "tags": [
      "cat.sensory-and-visual-cues",
      "wcag2aa",
      "wcag144",
      "EN-301-549",
      "EN-9.1.4.4",
      "ACT",
      "RGAAv4",
      "RGAA-10.4.2"
    ],
    "type": "debugdata",
    "impact": "moderate"
  }
}
测试环境与原始指标
{
  "finalUrl": "https://www.duolingo.com/",
  "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/151.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
  "formFactor": "mobile",
  "throttlingMethod": "simulate",
  "throttling": {
    "rttMs": 150,
    "throughputKbps": 1638.4,
    "requestLatencyMs": 562.5,
    "uploadThroughputKbps": 675,
    "cpuSlowdownMultiplier": 4,
    "downloadThroughputKbps": 1474.5600000000002
  },
  "metrics": [
    {
      "id": "largest-contentful-paint",
      "unit": "millisecond",
      "value": 16372.452500000001
    },
    {
      "id": "cumulative-layout-shift",
      "unit": "unitless",
      "value": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "total-blocking-time",
      "unit": "millisecond",
      "value": 682.5
    },
    {
      "id": "first-contentful-paint",
      "unit": "millisecond",
      "value": 6888.182504768371
    },
    {
      "id": "speed-index",
      "unit": "millisecond",
      "value": 8980.230357598419
    }
  ]
}

01 / 值得借鉴

好设计，具体好在哪

角色帮助降低门槛

绿色角色与圆角立体按钮建立轻松基调，长篇功能解释留到首屏之后。

新老用户入口清晰

绿色开始按钮与白色已有帐户按钮形成直接对照，手机上两者都保持整行宽度。

02 / 下一步

值得继续打磨的地方

  1. 01

    手机首屏可更紧凑

    手机插图上方与标题下方空白较多，两个行动位于很靠下的位置。

    在较矮的手机视口缩减英雄区纵向留白，保证开始与已有帐户同时可见；保留角色大小和正常文字字号。

03 / 设计语言

把气质拆成可复用的参数

色彩

背景

#ffffff

文字

#4b4b4b

字体与尺度

标题字体
duolingo-sans
正文字体
sans-serif
标题 / 正文
32px / 17px

间距与形状

区块间距
0px
组件内距
—
卡片圆角
—
按钮圆角
0px

参数来自页面元素采样，空值表示未取得；不将单个元素的参数当作全站规范。

04 / 检查依据

观察与实测依据

数据来自同次页面采集；字体、圆角和间距为具体元素采样，不代表全站唯一设计规范。空值为未取得。HTML 为源码体积，不是压缩传输量；脚本数为 DOM 标签数，不是请求数。

品味1 项观察

手机首屏可更紧凑

手机插图上方与标题下方空白较多，两个行动位于很靠下的位置。

在较矮的手机视口缩减英雄区纵向留白，保证开始与已有帐户同时可见；保留角色大小和正常文字字号。

mobile.png: large vertical whitespace around hero
上线4 项观察

没有 HSTS 响应头

中优先级

没有 Strict-Transport-Security，第一次访问仍可能被降到 http。浏览器不会钉死 HTTPS。

在边缘设置 Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains。

strict-transport-security missing

没有 Content-Security-Policy

CSP 是限制脚本源的标准做法。vibe 页面常常什么都加载，包括被注入的脚本。

先开 report-only CSP，再收成 default-src 'self' 和明确的 script-src。

content-security-policy missing

没有 X-Content-Type-Options

没有 nosniff，浏览器可能按错误类型解释文件。这是一行响应头。

设置 X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff。

x-content-type-options missing

没有 Referrer-Policy

默认 referrer 可能把站内路径和查询串漏给第三方。

设置 Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin。

referrer-policy missing
链接分享预览

多邻国学外语，学会、玩会，还免费！

免费、好玩又高效的超多课程，带你学习各种语言和其他更多技能。为学习者量身定制练习，通过科学设计的精巧单元，让你学会、玩会，还免费！

05 / 开始动手

把下一步，交给你的 AI

优化指令用于调整这个页面；设计指令用于借鉴它的视觉语言。「做同款」会附带截图与实施步骤。复制后粘贴到你的代码助手中。

查看完整指令
请基于 https://duolingo.com 的 2026-09-05T03:20:35.986Z 页面快照优化当前项目。先确认当前实现与快照差异，不要把已变化的内容重新改回旧版。

设计基线
桌面将角色画面和价值说明左右并置，开始与已有帐户形成主次关系，语言课程条承接下一部分；后续用教学、动力、个性化和移动学习章节解释产品。手机纵向排列插图与标题，操作放在首屏下沿。重点是角色、文字、操作三个层级，而非把所有内容都卡片化。
{
  "colors": [
    {
      "role": "bg",
      "hex": "#ffffff"
    },
    {
      "role": "ink",
      "hex": "#4b4b4b"
    }
  ],
  "fonts": {
    "body": "sans-serif",
    "display": "duolingo-sans",
    "stack": [
      "sans-serif",
      "duolingo-sans"
    ]
  },
  "radius": {
    "button": "0px",
    "card": "",
    "field": ""
  },
  "space": {
    "section": "0px",
    "card": ""
  },
  "type": {
    "h1": "32px",
    "body": "17px",
    "weight": "700",
    "lineHeight": "20px",
    "letterSpacing": "normal"
  }
}
数据来自同次页面采集；字体、圆角和间距为具体元素采样，不代表全站唯一设计规范。空值为未取得。HTML 为源码体积，不是压缩传输量；脚本数为 DOM 标签数，不是请求数。

执行事项
1. 手机首屏可更紧凑
在较矮的手机视口缩减英雄区纵向留白，保证开始与已有帐户同时可见；保留角色大小和正常文字字号。
依据: mobile.png: large vertical whitespace around hero

2. 没有 HSTS 响应头
在边缘设置 Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains。
依据: strict-transport-security missing

3. 没有 Content-Security-Policy
先开 report-only CSP，再收成 default-src 'self' 和明确的 script-src。
依据: content-security-policy missing

4. 没有 X-Content-Type-Options
设置 X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff。
依据: x-content-type-options missing

5. 没有 Referrer-Policy
设置 Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin。
依据: referrer-policy missing

验收
- 在 1440×900 和 390×844 分别核对文字、布局和主要操作“开始”。
- 保留已有品牌、登录和业务链路，不从静态截图推断交互故障。
- 只修复有证据的项；涉及安全响应头时先用报告模式验证现有资源及认证兼容性。
- 对比修改前后的截图，并执行相关功能测试。不要声称未经测试的功能已通过。