https://duolingo.com

Page structure & technical metrics

Words

578

Action candidates

5

Images

21

HTML

11 KB

Copy

Title chars
15
Meta chars
65
H1
3
H2
5

Action

Primary

开始

Forms
0/ 1 fields
On-site links
27
Off-site links
55

Security & metadata

HTTPS
yes
HSTS
no
CSP
no
nosniff
no
viewport
yes
Icon
yes
JSON-LD
yes
Analytics
GA4

Page

React / Tailwind

Scripts
16 ext / 6 inline
Alt
19 missing
Third-party hosts
6

Lighthouse

Simulated mobile · Performance

40 / 100

2026-09-05 · Run warnings: results may be incomplete.

View details

Simulated mobile · Lab data, not field data
2026-09-05T04:03:26.635Z · Lighthouse 13.4.1

This run has warnings; results may be incomplete: The page loaded too slowly to finish within the time limit. Results may be incomplete. · The page may not be loading as expected because your test URL (https://duolingo.com/) was redirected to https://www.duolingo.com/. Try testing the second URL directly.

Performance40/ 100
Accessibility82/ 100
Best practices54/ 100
SEO100/ 100
LCP · Largest content16,372 ms
CLS · Layout shift0.000
TBT · Blocking time683 ms
FCP · First content6,888 ms
SI · Speed index8,980 ms

Results vary by server, network and environment, independently of taste/conversion scores. Diagnostics retain Lighthouse wording.

Browser errors were logged to the console

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Elements & resources
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "source": "network",
      "description": "Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()",
      "sourceLocation": {
        "url": "https://www.duolingo.com/users/undefined/streak-goal-current?_=1788581009428",
        "line": 0,
        "type": "source-location",
        "column": 0,
        "urlProvider": "network"
      }
    },
    {
      "source": "network",
      "description": "Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()",
      "sourceLocation": {
        "url": "https://www.duolingo.com/users/undefined/streak-goal-next-options?_=1788581009428",
        "line": 0,
        "type": "source-location",
        "column": 0,
        "urlProvider": "network"
      }
    },
    {
      "source": "network",
      "description": "Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()",
      "sourceLocation": {
        "url": "https://zombie.duolingo.com/0/web.json?user=0&ts=1788581009&tzoffset=8",
        "line": 0,
        "type": "source-location",
        "column": 0,
        "urlProvider": "network"
      }
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "sourceLocation",
      "label": "Source",
      "valueType": "source-location"
    },
    {
      "key": "description",
      "label": "Description",
      "valueType": "code"
    }
  ]
}

Avoid multiple page redirects

Est savings of 4,070 ms

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Elements & resources
{
  "type": "opportunity",
  "items": [
    {
      "url": "https://duolingo.com/",
      "wastedMs": 4072.6979999999994
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.duolingo.com/",
      "wastedMs": 0
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "url",
      "label": "URL",
      "valueType": "url"
    },
    {
      "key": "wastedMs",
      "label": "Time Spent",
      "valueType": "timespanMs"
    }
  ],
  "overallSavingsMs": 4072.6979999999994
}

Uses deprecated APIs

2 warnings found

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Elements & resources
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "value": "Unload event listeners are deprecated and will be removed.",
      "source": {
        "url": "https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-2a93b987.js",
        "line": 1,
        "type": "source-location",
        "column": 351135,
        "urlProvider": "network"
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "url": "https://chromestatus.com/feature/5579556305502208",
            "text": "Check the feature status page for more details.",
            "type": "link"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "Attribution Reporting is deprecated and will be removed. See https://goo.gle/ps-status for details.",
      "source": {
        "url": "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/destination?id=AW-397119219&cx=c&gtm=4e6930h2",
        "line": 559,
        "type": "source-location",
        "column": 191,
        "urlProvider": "network"
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "url": "https://chromestatus.com/feature/6320639375966208",
            "text": "Check the feature status page for more details.",
            "type": "link"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "value",
      "label": "Deprecation / Warning",
      "valueType": "text"
    },
    {
      "key": "source",
      "label": "Source",
      "valueType": "source-location"
    }
  ]
}

Uses third-party cookies

6 cookies found

Third-party cookies may be blocked in some contexts. Learn more about preparing for third-party cookie restrictions.

Elements & resources
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "url": "https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/viewthroughconversion/728842606/?random=1788581010268&cv=11&fst=1788581010268&bg=ffffff&guid=ON&async=1&en=gtag.config&gtm=45be6930h2v9103119162z8811879556za20gzb811879556zd811879556xec&gcd=13l3l3l3l1l1&dma=0&tag_exp=115616985~115938466~115938468~118897920~118897930~120213116~120385423~120469145~120469153&u_w=412&u_h=823&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duolingo.com%2F&rcb=6&frm=0&tiba=%E5%A4%9A%E9%82%BB%E5%9B%BD%20-%20%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%81%AB%E7%88%86%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0&hn=www.googleadservices.com&npa=0&pscdl=noapi&auid=288829452.1788581010&uaa=&uab=64&uafvl=Chromium%3B151.0.7922.34%7CNot%253DA%253FBrand%3B99.0.0.0&uamb=1&uam=moto%20g%20power%20(2022)&uap=Android&uapv=11.0&uaw=0&data=event%3Dgtag.config&ept=9&rfmt=3&fmt=4",
      "name": "test_cookie"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.facebook.com/tr/?id=1735692093320310&ev=PageView&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duolingo.com%2F&rl=&if=false&ts=1788581010678&iw=false&sw=412&sh=823&v=2.9.393&r=c2&ec=0&o=20509&aems=0%3B0&fbp=fb.1.1788581010677.464693092570330843&ler=empty&cdl=API_unavailable&plt=2710.5&tz=480&it=1788581010370&coo=false&chmd=moto%20g%20power%20(2022)&chpv=11.0&chfv=undefined&exp=m0&expv2[0]=pl0&expv2[1]=el3&expv2[2]=bc1&expv2[3]=ra0&expv2[4]=rp0&expv2[5]=im1&expv2[6]=hf1&expv2[7]=sd1&expv2[8]=sp1&expv2[9]=ek1&expv2[10]=pc1&expv2[11]=gs1&expv2[12]=zs1&expv2[13]=cp1&expv2[14]=es1&expv2[15]=ac1&expv2[16]=so1&expv2[17]=wc3&expv2[18]=la1&expv2[19]=sf1&expv2[20]=da1&expv2[21]=io1&expv2[22]=ae1&expv2[23]=sx1&expv2[24]=if1&expv2[25]=fd1&expv2[26]=bg3&expv2[27]=mg3&expv2[28]=kl3&expv2[29]=sg3&expv2[30]=mk3&expv2[31]=sn3&expv2[32]=ec3&expv2[33]=mp3&expv2[34]=ps3&expv2[35]=fx3&expv2[36]=vt3&expv2[37]=cn1&expv2[38]=pe0&rqm=GET",
      "name": "fr"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cs.media.net/cksync?cs=1&type=max&ovsid=setstatuscode&gdpr=&gdpr_consent=&gpp_sid=&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fc.tupsrv.com%2Fv2%2Fcsync%3FMNETID%3D%3Cvsid%3E%26MAXID%3D00001090-0000-1456-805b-3e32e9fc%26o_url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fc.tupsrv.com%252Fv2%252Facvr3%253Fa%253D11b419e9-d759-4e4f-905d-a924afd0fc2e%2526event%253Dpage-land%2526_ible%253D1%2526weight%253D0%2526_ii%253D0",
      "name": "visitor-id"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cs.media.net/cksync?cs=1&type=max&ovsid=setstatuscode&gdpr=&gdpr_consent=&gpp_sid=&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fc.tupsrv.com%2Fv2%2Fcsync%3FMNETID%3D%3Cvsid%3E%26MAXID%3D00001090-0000-1456-805b-3e32e9fc%26o_url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fc.tupsrv.com%252Fv2%252Facvr3%253Fa%253D11b419e9-d759-4e4f-905d-a924afd0fc2e%2526event%253Dpage-land%2526_ible%253D1%2526weight%253D0%2526_ii%253D0",
      "name": "data-max"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cs.media.net/cksync?cs=1&type=max&ovsid=setstatuscode&gdpr=&gdpr_consent=&gpp_sid=&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fc.tupsrv.com%2Fv2%2Fcsync%3FMNETID%3D%3Cvsid%3E%26MAXID%3D00001090-0000-1456-805b-3e32e9fc%26o_url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fc.tupsrv.com%252Fv2%252Facvr3%253Fa%253D11b419e9-d759-4e4f-905d-a924afd0fc2e%2526event%253Dpage-land%2526_ible%253D1%2526weight%253D0%2526_ii%253D0",
      "name": "data-max-r"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://c.tupsrv.com/v2/csync?MNETID=4315826114109008000V10&MAXID=00001090-0000-1456-805b-3e32e9fc&o_url=https%3A%2F%2Fc.tupsrv.com%2Fv2%2Facvr3%3Fa%3D11b419e9-d759-4e4f-905d-a924afd0fc2e%26event%3Dpage-land%26_ible%3D1%26weight%3D0%26_ii%3D0",
      "name": "vvv"
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "name",
      "label": "Name",
      "valueType": "text"
    },
    {
      "key": "url",
      "label": "URL",
      "valueType": "url"
    }
  ]
}

Minimize main-thread work

4.1 s

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to minimize main-thread work

Elements & resources
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "group": "scriptEvaluation",
      "duration": 2446.5879999998733,
      "groupLabel": "Script Evaluation"
    },
    {
      "group": "other",
      "duration": 642.3280000000613,
      "groupLabel": "Other"
    },
    {
      "group": "scriptParseCompile",
      "duration": 423.5440000000001,
      "groupLabel": "Script Parsing & Compilation"
    },
    {
      "group": "styleLayout",
      "duration": 392.64,
      "groupLabel": "Style & Layout"
    },
    {
      "group": "garbageCollection",
      "duration": 117.39599999999997,
      "groupLabel": "Garbage Collection"
    },
    {
      "group": "paintCompositeRender",
      "duration": 53.46399999999991,
      "groupLabel": "Rendering"
    },
    {
      "group": "parseHTML",
      "duration": 12.407999999999996,
      "groupLabel": "Parse HTML & CSS"
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "groupLabel",
      "label": "Category",
      "valueType": "text"
    },
    {
      "key": "duration",
      "label": "Time Spent",
      "valueType": "ms",
      "granularity": 1
    }
  ],
  "sortedBy": [
    "duration"
  ]
}

Reduce JavaScript execution time

2.5 s

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to reduce Javascript execution time.

Elements & resources
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "url": "https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/8x-4t2pegToiW8KmThtO4AQt/recaptcha__zh_cn.js",
      "total": 841.3839999999964,
      "scripting": 683.3359999999965,
      "scriptParseCompile": 51.26
    },
    {
      "url": "https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-2a93b987.js",
      "total": 807.5040000000074,
      "scripting": 507.8240000000074,
      "scriptParseCompile": 66.092
    },
    {
      "url": "Unattributable",
      "total": 693.0800000000453,
      "scripting": 57.439999999999884,
      "scriptParseCompile": 0
    },
    {
      "url": "https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/4779-84075585.js",
      "total": 429.2400000000015,
      "scripting": 317.5080000000015,
      "scriptParseCompile": 45.967999999999996
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-CSFDVCPQ4F&cx=c&gtm=4e6930h2",
      "total": 148.54800000000117,
      "scripting": 112.98800000000115,
      "scriptParseCompile": 33.52
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-TX6Z97C",
      "total": 138.88800000000052,
      "scripting": 102.2840000000005,
      "scriptParseCompile": 32.284
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-728842606&cx=c&gtm=4e6930h2",
      "total": 137.13200000000126,
      "scripting": 107.61600000000125,
      "scriptParseCompile": 27.12
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.duolingo.com/",
      "total": 131.56,
      "scripting": 5.619999999999997,
      "scriptParseCompile": 1.956
    },
    {
      "url": "https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js",
      "total": 113.67600000000033,
      "scripting": 89.11600000000033,
      "scriptParseCompile": 23.596
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/destination?id=AW-397119219&cx=c&gtm=4e6930h2",
      "total": 100.99600000000096,
      "scripting": 75.29600000000096,
      "scriptParseCompile": 24.664
    },
    {
      "url": "https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/1735692093320310?v=2.9.393&r=c2&domain=www.duolingo.com&im=1&hme=118644ce20ff837cfc6c6ee441987e9e11b8b9fb8ec6bc04b15a3c516441ba07&ex_m=115%2C226%2C166%2C26%2C80%2C81%2C158%2C76%2C75%2C11%2C176%2C100%2C20%2C150%2C138%2C45%2C83%2C88%2C146%2C171%2C178%2C31%2C17%2C30%2C18%2C32%2C33%2C34%2C36%2C54%2C159%2C85%2C123%2C22%2C24%2C50%2C46%2C48%2C47%2C93%2C102%2C106%2C121%2C157%2C160%2C52%2C122%2C28%2C25%2C130%2C77%2C42%2C162%2C161%2C163%2C154%2C152%2C29%2C41%2C65%2C120%2C173%2C78%2C21%2C125%2C91%2C74%2C23%2C95%2C96%2C127%2C94%2C148%2C147%2C151%2C107%2C172%2C175%2C40%2C55%2C124%2C53%2C8%2C4%2C5%2C7%2C6%2C3%2C101%2C112%2C179%2C193%2C240%2C82%2C254%2C253%2C252%2C14%2C27%2C39%2C61%2C114%2C67%2C10%2C71%2C108%2C109%2C110%2C116%2C141%2C37%2C35%2C143%2C144%2C145%2C140%2C139%2C167%2C84%2C170%2C168%2C169%2C56%2C66%2C134%2C19%2C174%2C51%2C303%2C304%2C305%2C302%2C318%2C340%2C233%2C222%2C68%2C223%2C221%2C343%2C334%2C58%2C234%2C118%2C142%2C90%2C132%2C60%2C131%2C137%2C136%2C64%2C72%2C70%2C164%2C86%2C87%2C126%2C43%2C38%2C59%2C62%2C111%2C177%2C1%2C135%2C16%2C133%2C12%2C2%2C63%2C103%2C15%2C73%2C69%2C129%2C99%2C98%2C181%2C182%2C104%2C105%2C9%2C113%2C180%2C57%2C155%2C97%2C89%2C79%2C128%2C117%2C49%2C156%2C0%2C92%2C149%2C153%2C165%2C44%2C119%2C13%2C183",
      "total": 60.33999999999986,
      "scripting": 44.35599999999987,
      "scriptParseCompile": 15.775999999999998
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/202404.1.0/otBannerSdk.js",
      "total": 52.74399999999999,
      "scripting": 23.847999999999992,
      "scriptParseCompile": 27.52
    }
  ],
  "summary": {
    "wastedMs": 2476.98800000001
  },
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "url",
      "label": "URL",
      "valueType": "url"
    },
    {
      "key": "total",
      "label": "Total CPU Time",
      "valueType": "ms",
      "granularity": 1
    },
    {
      "key": "scripting",
      "label": "Script Evaluation",
      "valueType": "ms",
      "granularity": 1
    },
    {
      "key": "scriptParseCompile",
      "label": "Script Parse",
      "valueType": "ms",
      "granularity": 1
    }
  ],
  "sortedBy": [
    "total"
  ]
}

Image elements do not have explicit `width` and `height`

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Elements & resources
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "url": "https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/images/splash/lottie/ded26f174e26ad19d0a35cad7747c28c.png",
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-111-IMG",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,HEADER,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,PICTURE,2,IMG",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/images/splash/lottie/ded26f174e26ad1…\">",
        "selector": "div._15kfC > div._1ybpv > picture._1Bvko > img",
        "nodeLabel": "div._15kfC > div._1ybpv > picture._1Bvko > img",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 114,
          "left": 70,
          "right": 343,
          "width": 273,
          "bottom": 387,
          "height": 273
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "node",
      "label": "",
      "valueType": "node"
    },
    {
      "key": "url",
      "label": "URL",
      "valueType": "url"
    }
  ]
}

Buttons do not have an accessible name

When a button doesn't have an accessible name, screen readers announce it as "button", making it unusable for users who rely on screen readers. Learn how to make buttons more accessible.

Elements & resources
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-0-BUTTON",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,4,DIV,1,DIV,2,BUTTON",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<button class=\"_38iBE bafGS _2LoNU VzbUl _1saKQ _1AgKJ _39lPs\">",
        "selector": "div.qO_UG > div._3CwWq > div.zKVv4 > button._38iBE",
        "nodeLabel": "div.qO_UG > div._3CwWq > div.zKVv4 > button._38iBE",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element does not have inner text that is visible to screen readers\n  aria-label attribute does not exist or is empty\n  aria-labelledby attribute does not exist, references elements that do not exist or references elements that are empty\n  Element has no title attribute\n  Element does not have an implicit (wrapped) <label>\n  Element does not have an explicit <label>\n  Element's default semantics were not overridden with role=\"none\" or role=\"presentation\"",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 735,
          "left": 384,
          "right": 396,
          "width": 12,
          "bottom": 747,
          "height": 12
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
      "key": "node",
      "label": "Failing Elements",
      "valueType": "node",
      "subItemsHeading": {
        "key": "relatedNode",
        "valueType": "node"
      }
    }
  ],
  "debugData": {
    "tags": [
      "cat.name-role-value",
      "wcag2a",
      "wcag412",
      "section508",
      "section508.22.a",
      "TTv5",
      "TT6.a",
      "EN-301-549",
      "EN-9.4.1.2",
      "ACT",
      "RGAAv4",
      "RGAA-11.9.1"
    ],
    "type": "debugdata",
    "impact": "critical"
  }
}

Background and foreground colors do not have a sufficient contrast ratio.

Low-contrast text is difficult or impossible for many users to read. Learn how to provide sufficient color contrast.

Elements & resources
{
  "type": "table",
  "items": [
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-1-H2",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,2,MAIN,0,DIV,1,SECTION,0,SECTION,0,DIV,0,H2",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<h2 class=\"_3X-2C\">",
        "selector": "section.uU0-M > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C",
        "nodeLabel": "学⁠会⁠、玩⁠会⁠,还⁠⁠免⁠⁠费⁠!",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 2.08 (foreground color: #58cc02, background color: #ffffff, font size: 27.0pt (36px), font weight: bold). Expected contrast ratio of 3:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 814,
          "left": 36,
          "right": 376,
          "width": 340,
          "bottom": 914,
          "height": 100
        }
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
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              "nodeLabel": "关于我们\n课程\n我们的使命\n教学方法\n有效性\n多邻国文化手册\n研究\n招聘贤才\n商标与设计\n宝石小店\n新闻\n投资者\n联系我们\n产品\n多邻国\nDuolingo f…",
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                "top": 6545,
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                "width": 412,
                "bottom": 8537,
                "height": 1992
              }
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        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-83-A",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER,2,DIV,1,UL,26,LI,0,A",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<a aria-current=\"page\" class=\"FXHbm\" href=\"//uk.duolingo.com\">",
        "selector": "div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm",
        "nodeLabel": "Українською",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 1.48 (foreground color: #a5ed6e, background color: #58cc02, font size: 9.8pt (13px), font weight: bold). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
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          "left": 257,
          "right": 329,
          "width": 73,
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          "height": 15
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              "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER",
              "type": "node",
              "snippet": "<footer class=\"_1nNuk\">",
              "selector": "body._2j8ko > div#root > div.qO_UG > footer._1nNuk",
              "nodeLabel": "关于我们\n课程\n我们的使命\n教学方法\n有效性\n多邻国文化手册\n研究\n招聘贤才\n商标与设计\n宝石小店\n新闻\n投资者\n联系我们\n产品\n多邻国\nDuolingo f…",
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        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-84-A",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER,2,DIV,1,UL,27,LI,0,A",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<a aria-current=\"page\" class=\"FXHbm\" href=\"//ur.duolingo.com\">",
        "selector": "div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm",
        "nodeLabel": "اُردُو",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 1.48 (foreground color: #a5ed6e, background color: #58cc02, font size: 9.8pt (13px), font weight: bold). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 8457,
          "left": 51,
          "right": 72,
          "width": 21,
          "bottom": 8472,
          "height": 15
        }
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "relatedNode": {
              "lhId": "1-15-FOOTER",
              "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER",
              "type": "node",
              "snippet": "<footer class=\"_1nNuk\">",
              "selector": "body._2j8ko > div#root > div.qO_UG > footer._1nNuk",
              "nodeLabel": "关于我们\n课程\n我们的使命\n教学方法\n有效性\n多邻国文化手册\n研究\n招聘贤才\n商标与设计\n宝石小店\n新闻\n投资者\n联系我们\n产品\n多邻国\nDuolingo f…",
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        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-85-A",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER,2,DIV,1,UL,28,LI,0,A",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<a aria-current=\"page\" class=\"FXHbm\" href=\"//vi.duolingo.com\">",
        "selector": "div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm",
        "nodeLabel": "Tiếng Việt",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 1.48 (foreground color: #a5ed6e, background color: #58cc02, font size: 9.8pt (13px), font weight: bold). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 8457,
          "left": 96,
          "right": 150,
          "width": 55,
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      "subItems": {
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          {
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              "lhId": "1-15-FOOTER",
              "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER",
              "type": "node",
              "snippet": "<footer class=\"_1nNuk\">",
              "selector": "body._2j8ko > div#root > div.qO_UG > footer._1nNuk",
              "nodeLabel": "关于我们\n课程\n我们的使命\n教学方法\n有效性\n多邻国文化手册\n研究\n招聘贤才\n商标与设计\n宝石小店\n新闻\n投资者\n联系我们\n产品\n多邻国\nDuolingo f…",
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        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-86-A",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER,2,DIV,1,UL,29,LI,0,A",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<a aria-current=\"page\" class=\"FXHbm\" href=\"//zs.duolingo.com\">",
        "selector": "div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm",
        "nodeLabel": "中文",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 1.48 (foreground color: #a5ed6e, background color: #58cc02, font size: 9.8pt (13px), font weight: bold). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 8457,
          "left": 174,
          "right": 200,
          "width": 26,
          "bottom": 8472,
          "height": 15
        }
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "relatedNode": {
              "lhId": "1-15-FOOTER",
              "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,3,FOOTER",
              "type": "node",
              "snippet": "<footer class=\"_1nNuk\">",
              "selector": "body._2j8ko > div#root > div.qO_UG > footer._1nNuk",
              "nodeLabel": "关于我们\n课程\n我们的使命\n教学方法\n有效性\n多邻国文化手册\n研究\n招聘贤才\n商标与设计\n宝石小店\n新闻\n投资者\n联系我们\n产品\n多邻国\nDuolingo f…",
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              }
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        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-87-SPAN",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,4,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,SPAN",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<span class=\"_2PsOB\">",
        "selector": "div._3CwWq > div.zKVv4 > div > span._2PsOB",
        "nodeLabel": "4.5",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 1.82 (foreground color: #ffb020, background color: #ffffff, font size: 9.8pt (13px), font weight: normal). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 759,
          "left": 72,
          "right": 89,
          "width": 17,
          "bottom": 774,
          "height": 15
        }
      },
      "subItems": {
        "type": "subitems",
        "items": [
          {
            "relatedNode": {
              "lhId": "1-88-DIV",
              "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,4,DIV",
              "type": "node",
              "snippet": "<div class=\"_3CwWq\">",
              "selector": "body._2j8ko > div#root > div.qO_UG > div._3CwWq",
              "nodeLabel": "安装多邻国应用\n4.515,300,000+\n安装",
              "boundingRect": {
                "top": 717,
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                "right": 412,
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              }
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        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-89-A",
        "path": "1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,4,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,1,A",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<a rel=\"noopener\" class=\"_4FsVb\" href=\"https://af4a.adj.st/?adjust_t=mfg8p8a&amp;adjust_label=android_banner\" target=\"_blank\">",
        "selector": "div._3CwWq > div.zKVv4 > div._3mp0T > a._4FsVb",
        "nodeLabel": "安装",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element has insufficient color contrast of 2.09 (foreground color: #ffffff, background color: #7ac70c, font size: 9.0pt (12px), font weight: normal). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 777,
          "left": 306,
          "right": 396,
          "width": 90,
          "bottom": 807,
          "height": 30
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "headings": [
    {
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      "subItemsHeading": {
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      }
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  ],
  "debugData": {
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      "wcag143",
      "TTv5",
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      "ACT",
      "RGAAv4",
      "RGAA-3.2.1"
    ],
    "type": "debugdata",
    "impact": "serious"
  }
}

`[user-scalable="no"]` is used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element or the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is less than 5.

Disabling zooming is problematic for users with low vision who rely on screen magnification to properly see the contents of a web page. Learn more about the viewport meta tag.

Elements & resources
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  "type": "table",
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    {
      "node": {
        "lhId": "1-90-META",
        "path": "1,HTML,0,HEAD,3,META",
        "type": "node",
        "snippet": "<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1,user-scalable=no\">",
        "selector": "head > meta",
        "nodeLabel": "head > meta",
        "explanation": "Fix any of the following:\n  user-scalable=no on <meta> tag disables zooming on mobile devices",
        "boundingRect": {
          "top": 0,
          "left": 0,
          "right": 0,
          "width": 0,
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      "RGAAv4",
      "RGAA-10.4.2"
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    "type": "debugdata",
    "impact": "moderate"
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Environment & raw metrics
{
  "finalUrl": "https://www.duolingo.com/",
  "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/151.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
  "formFactor": "mobile",
  "throttlingMethod": "simulate",
  "throttling": {
    "rttMs": 150,
    "throughputKbps": 1638.4,
    "requestLatencyMs": 562.5,
    "uploadThroughputKbps": 675,
    "cpuSlowdownMultiplier": 4,
    "downloadThroughputKbps": 1474.5600000000002
  },
  "metrics": [
    {
      "id": "largest-contentful-paint",
      "unit": "millisecond",
      "value": 16372.452500000001
    },
    {
      "id": "cumulative-layout-shift",
      "unit": "unitless",
      "value": 0
    },
    {
      "id": "total-blocking-time",
      "unit": "millisecond",
      "value": 682.5
    },
    {
      "id": "first-contentful-paint",
      "unit": "millisecond",
      "value": 6888.182504768371
    },
    {
      "id": "speed-index",
      "unit": "millisecond",
      "value": 8980.230357598419
    }
  ]
}

01 / WHAT WORKS

What makes it work

The character lowers the emotional barrier

The green character and rounded dimensional buttons set a friendly tone, with feature explanations following the hero.

New and returning paths are distinct

The green start button contrasts with white existing-account access, both full-width on mobile.

02 / NEXT STEPS

Where to go next

  1. 01

    Tighten the mobile first viewport

    Large spaces above the illustration and below the headline push both actions close to the bottom.

    Reduce vertical hero spacing on shorter phones so both actions remain visible without shrinking the character or text.

03 / DESIGN LANGUAGE

A design system you can reuse

Colors

Background

#ffffff

Text

#4b4b4b

Typography

Display font
duolingo-sans
Body font
sans-serif
Heading / body
32px / 17px

Spacing & shape

Section gap
0px
Component inset
Card radius
Button radius
0px

Parameters are element samples. Empty values are unknown, and individual samples are not site-wide rules.

04 / EVIDENCE

The detail behind the report

Values come from one capture. Fonts, radii and spacing are element samples, not a universal site-wide specification. Empty values are unknown. HTML bytes are source size, not compressed transfer size; script counts are DOM tags, not network requests.

Taste1 observations

Tighten the mobile first viewport

Large spaces above the illustration and below the headline push both actions close to the bottom.

Reduce vertical hero spacing on shorter phones so both actions remain visible without shrinking the character or text.

mobile.png: large vertical whitespace around hero
Launch4 observations

No HSTS header

Medium

Without Strict-Transport-Security, a first visit can still be downgraded to http. Browsers will not pin HTTPS.

Set Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains at the edge.

strict-transport-security missing

No Content-Security-Policy

A CSP is the standard way to limit script sources. Vibe-coded pages often load anything, including injected scripts.

Start with a report-only CSP, then default-src 'self' and an explicit script-src.

content-security-policy missing

No X-Content-Type-Options

Without nosniff, browsers may interpret a file as a different type than you sent. It is a one-line header.

Set X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff.

x-content-type-options missing

No Referrer-Policy

The default referrer can leak internal paths and query strings to third parties.

Set Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin.

referrer-policy missing
Link preview

05 / MAKE IT HAPPEN

Give your AI a clear next step

Use the improvement prompt for this page, or the design prompt to borrow its visual language. “Recreate” includes references and implementation steps. Paste either into your coding assistant.

Preview full instructions
Improve the current project using the 2026-09-05T03:20:35.986Z snapshot of https://duolingo.com. First identify changes since capture; do not revert newer behavior to the old snapshot.

Design baseline
Desktop pairs a character visual with the proposition, prioritizes start over existing-account access, then introduces a course rail. Later sections explain learning methods, motivation, personalization and mobile learning. Mobile stacks illustration and headline with actions near the viewport bottom. Preserve the character–message–action hierarchy rather than turning everything into cards.
{
  "colors": [
    {
      "role": "bg",
      "hex": "#ffffff"
    },
    {
      "role": "ink",
      "hex": "#4b4b4b"
    }
  ],
  "fonts": {
    "body": "sans-serif",
    "display": "duolingo-sans",
    "stack": [
      "sans-serif",
      "duolingo-sans"
    ]
  },
  "radius": {
    "button": "0px",
    "card": "",
    "field": ""
  },
  "space": {
    "section": "0px",
    "card": ""
  },
  "type": {
    "h1": "32px",
    "body": "17px",
    "weight": "700",
    "lineHeight": "20px",
    "letterSpacing": "normal"
  }
}
Values come from one capture. Fonts, radii and spacing are element samples, not a universal site-wide specification. Empty values are unknown. HTML bytes are source size, not compressed transfer size; script counts are DOM tags, not network requests.

Actions
1. Tighten the mobile first viewport
Reduce vertical hero spacing on shorter phones so both actions remain visible without shrinking the character or text.
Evidence: mobile.png: large vertical whitespace around hero

2. No HSTS header
Set Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains at the edge.
Evidence: strict-transport-security missing

3. No Content-Security-Policy
Start with a report-only CSP, then default-src 'self' and an explicit script-src.
Evidence: content-security-policy missing

4. No X-Content-Type-Options
Set X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff.
Evidence: x-content-type-options missing

5. No Referrer-Policy
Set Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin.
Evidence: referrer-policy missing

Acceptance
- Check text, layout and the main action “开始” at 1440×900 and 390×844.
- Preserve branding, authentication and business behavior. A screenshot does not prove broken interaction.
- Change only evidence-backed issues. Validate security headers against existing resources and authentication in report-only mode where supported.
- Compare before/after screenshots and run relevant functional tests. Do not claim untested behavior passed.